Wednesday, September 19, 2007

语言的天分与哀愁>>周嘉惠

语言的天分与哀愁>>>周嘉惠

很多人对我国华裔通晓多种语言而羡慕或沾沾自喜。在华社“精通”国文、英文、华文者其实不多,“略通”这三种主要语文者却比比皆是;若再加上几种方言,即使全都仅仅是“巴刹”程度的掌握,还不俨然语言天才一名吗?

在台湾“眷村”长大的人,听得懂中国十几、二十种方言绝对是等闲事,这种“语言天才”的表象完全由环境造就,无关智商。所以,对人家的客套话可千万别当真,更不必老往自己脸上贴金,我们的脑袋实际上长得并不比别人特别。

在得知朋友也懂得一种平时互相用来沟通以外的另一种语言时,我们往往会开玩笑的说:“啊!那以后就不能用这种话骂你了。”在现实中,就因为我们普遍的“高超”语言天分,加上不少人有阅读超过一种语言报章的习惯,华社其实是全国各族群中“心水最清”的一群。

不同语言的报章,对于同一事件,视角切入点各异,最后无可厚非也无可奈何地必然会得出南辕北辙的结论。各种说法相互参照之下,褒贬、是非、真假一目了然,心里还能够不越来越明白吗?前一阵子有份调查报告显示华裔是我国各族群中对政府最多怨言的,这恐怕是主要原因之一。

其他族群并非都得到了不可告人的特殊优待而感恩戴德,说白了就是他们语言天分相对逊色,因而得到讯息的管道比较受限制,无法比较而已。

除了灵媒,一时还想不到还有谁比政客更懂得“见人说人话,见鬼说鬼话”的技巧了。难道我们今天还看不透这套把戏吗?在开大会时舞刀弄枪者,面对另一群观众又可以是彻彻底底的和平主义者;不是他精神分裂,只是小小的语言天分让我们站在一个更高位置,不让投机份子这么容易得呈而已。

话说回来,能够用多几种语言与人沟通,当然是种优势,但很明显不尽然就全是一面倒的好处而已,否则也不至积下许多怨气。或许,这就是我们语言天分和哀愁之间的关系?

20/09/2007 《南洋商报》《言论》版

附:删掉部分,在此恢复原貌。

Sunday, September 16, 2007

专栏《牛虻呓语》>>16/09/2007 周嘉惠

忘记在忘记>>>周嘉惠

每当在报上见到某部长的照片时,总会有股冲动想问他,是什么原因导致他没有兴致买顶更合适的假发戴?

戴假发可以是因为秃顶、瘌痢头,或是其他什么私人原因;但总之假发就是引人好奇,好奇它的下面到底有何乾坤?如果假发让人一眼就看出是假发,那它不单只是失去了掩饰的目的那么简单,简直就象是在打广告,跟插个“此地无银三百两”牌子的做法无二。部长日理万机,或许是一直忙着应付上头的事,早忘了还有头上那回事。其实,这也算得上是一种妙境。

就有如庄周搞不清楚到底是自己在梦蝶,还是蝶在梦自己?听起来玄,其实是经常发生的事;有时候活得迷迷糊糊,确实自己也摸不准到底是梦到荒谬,还是经历着荒谬的梦境?有人忘了自己那顶难看的假发,更多人简直就忘了自己是谁了。反正作为旁观者,大家感觉的就是陶渊明说的那味道:“此中有真味,欲辩已忘言”。可不是吗?若有机会面对如陈水扁之类忘其所以的人物,恐怕连脏话都不知从何骂起了,难道还真能够不“欲辩已忘言”吗?

是的,现代社会的特点之一就是忙,而且往往还是瞎忙。忙得团团转之余,把很多不该忘记的大事都忘了。

德国哲学家哈贝马斯曾提出“公共记忆”的概念,倘若一个民族丧失了“公共记忆”,势必导致“集体失忆”。在刚过去的国庆庆典中,同样的欢呼,为什么今日的附和,听起来比50年前还更少了许多热情?从电视上见到多少幸福而空洞的脸孔啊!他们是否因为自己的失忆而感到迷惑?

法国后现代主义大师德里达说得好:“唤起记忆即唤起责任”。作为负责任的国民,我们今天是否应该回过头来再问问一些问题,诸如:

当年英国政府为什么不要继续殖民下去了?在当时新加坡、沙巴、砂劳越为什么加入马来亚联邦?汶莱又为什么不加入?为什么马来亚在新成员加入后改称马来西亚?新加坡稍后的退出,沙巴、砂劳越的人民对此举有何感想?

50年前马来西亚并不存在,东马二州也仍是英国的殖民地,今天却来庆祝“马来西亚50年国庆”,的确是有点打乱了大家的记忆版图。我们可以继续快乐的漠视和遗忘这一切问题,或者天真的认为这些根本都不是问题,故任其逐渐淡化、日趋消失,但不能一厢情愿地以为东马的朋友跟我们一样都喝了忘川的水。毕竟历史不是把折叠椅,不容我们视需求而任意摆置。

在网络上读到一则有意思的比喻:“鱼对水说:你看不到我的眼泪,因为我在水里。水说:我能感觉到你的眼泪,因为你在我心里。”

凡事不能只看表面,表面太容易被粉饰了。不管当时是用什么甜言蜜语骗来的,从怡红院转到万花楼并非从良,在本质上真的不能算是种“进步”。假如真是一家人就不至于无动于衷,即使当晚娘,也应该要察觉到那些水中的眼泪的。这是作为家人的义务啊!

一栋巴生豪宅,除了耗费千万巨款,更重要的是还毁了许多人对国家、孩子或自己的幻想。很多事情是不能不把它当一回事的。“忘记”本身在心理学上来说有其合理性,但假如大家都刻意忘记自己在忘记,或什么都企图忘记,那可就大有问题了。

面对现实吧,否则有一天现实终究会要面对你。

16/09/2007 《南洋商报》《时潮》版

附:这才是“正版”。“忘川”出自古希腊神话,70年代台湾的李健复也唱过一首叫《忘川》的歌。

Sunday, September 02, 2007

4 Lessons in Management

4 Lessons in Management

LESSON 1
A junior manager, a senior manager and their boss are on their way to a meeting. On their way through a park, they come across a wonder lamp. They rub the lamp and a genie appears.
The genie says, "Normally, one is granted three wishes but as you are three, I will allow one wish each."
So the eager senior manager shouted, "I want the first wish. I want to be in the Bahamas, on a fast boat and have no worries." Pfufffff...and he was gone.
Now the junior manager could not keep quiet and shouted, "I want to be In Florida with beautiful girls, plenty of food and cocktails." Pfufffff... and he was also gone.
The boss calmly said, "I want these two idiots back in the office after lunch at 12:55 pm."

Moral of the story:
"ALWAYS ALLOW THE BOSS TO SPEAK FIRST."


LESSON 2
Standing in front of a shredder with a piece of paper in his hand, "Listen," said the CEO, "this is a very sensitive and important document, and my secretary has left. Can you make this thing work?"
"Certainly," said the young executive. He turned the machine on, inserted the paper, and pressed the start button.
"Excellent, excellent!" said the CEO as his paper disappeared inside the shredder machine. "I just need one copy."

Moral of the story:
"NEVER, NEVER ASSUME THAT YOUR BOSS KNOWS EVERYTHING."


LESSON 3
There were these 4 guys, a Russian, a German, an American and a Frenchman, who found this small genie bottle together.
When they rubbed the bottle, a genie appeared. Thankful that the 4 guys had released him out of the bottle, he said, "Next to you all are 4 swimming pools, I will give each of you a wish. When you run towards the pool and jump, you shout what you want the pool of water to become, then your wish will come true."
The Frenchman wanted to start. He ran towards the pool, jumped and shouted, "WINE."
The pool immediately changed into a pool of wine. The Frenchman was so happy swimming and drinking from the pool.
Next was the Russian's turn, he did the same and shouted, "VODKA" and immersed himself into a pool of vodka.
The German was next and he jumped and shouted, "BEER." He was so contented with his beer pool.
The last was the American. He was running towards the pool when suddenly he stepped on a banana peel. He slipped towards the pool and shouted, "SHIT!!!..."

Moral of the story:
"THINK TWICE BEFORE YOU SAY SOMETHING, BECAUSE SOMETIMES ACCIDENTS DO HAPPEN."


LESSON 4
The organs of the body were having a meeting, trying to decide who was in-charge. Each organ took a turn to speak up:
Brain...I should be in-charge because I run all body functions.
Blood...I should be in-charge because I circulate oxygen for the brain. Stomach...I should be in-charge because I process food to the brain. Legs...I should be in-charge because I take the brain where it wants to go.
Eyes...I should be in-charge because I let the brain see where it's going.
Asshole...I should be in-charge because I get rid of your waste.
All the other parts laughed so hard and this made the asshole very mad. To prove his point, the asshole immediately slammed tightly closed and stayed that way for 6 days, refusing to rid the body of any waste whatsoever.
Day 1: Brain got a terrible headache and cried out for relief.
Day 2: Stomach got bloated and began to ache terribly.
Day 3: Legs got cramps and became unstable.
Day 4: Eyes became watery and vision became blurred.
Day 5: Blood became toxic and poisoned the body .
Day 6: The other organs agreed to let the asshole be in-charge.

Moral of the story:
"NO MATTER WHO YOU ARE, OR HOW IMPORTANT YOU THINK YOU ARE, YOU WILL FIND THAT IT IS ALWAYS THE ASSHOLE THAT IS IN-CHARGE. "

Happy working!

专栏《牛虻呓语》>>02/09/2007 周嘉惠

消费文化的流毒>>>周嘉惠

毫无疑问的,一个以娱乐为基础的消费时代早已君临城下。

在今日不单单只是艺术被娱乐取代,我们生活中的各个层面,其实都在遭遇娱乐以种种荒谬的面貌消费着。当今天大多数人的生活态度都冷漠得颇有随遇而安,甚至心不在焉意味的时候,还是会有人积心处虑地为自己的贪欲经营着,至于他们努力的背后,是否果真如其所言的出自于个人天生的热情或造福人群、社会的高尚动机?我们只需要用膝盖想想也就了然于心,实不必赘言。

在吃饱穿暖这种马斯洛三角形的最底层需求被满足后,消费文化随之在各种日新月异的包装与掩饰之下,悄悄的蚕食着我们的人文关怀。娱乐并不是罪恶,若缺乏消费需求,也就失去了创造的驱动力,惟没有人文关怀的纯消费性娱乐,却是十分值得忧虑的。

文化最大的载体是生活,而且人类文化有其多元性,再没水准的文化也不可能只有一种文化象征。举个例,舞狮是华族生活的其中一种文化象征,但不是唯一的文化象征。当几年前官方有不利于舞狮这种文化象征的政策时,大家抗议的重点应该是文化霸权的作风,而不是在做什么中华文化的生死战。假如中华文化会因为舞狮的消失而灭亡,那这个文化也到了穷途末路,可以节哀顺变了。

日本首相老是想去靖国神社祭拜;对于这种风俗文化,若撇开政治正确性不谈,纯粹以文化角度切入,坦白说吧,这有什么不能够理解的呢?但在邻国强烈抗议下还是执意这么做,那就未免有点存心跟人家过不去的意味了,让人觉得其居心叵测自不在话下。难道不去靖国神社参拜,日本就要亡国灭种了吗?当然没这么严重,顶多就是心里有点不爽而已。大局为重本来就是很应该的,尤其是对政治人物而言。

所以,当大家都在对高举马来短剑窃窃私语之际,行为艺术家仍然以玄乎其玄的文化象征来做讲了等于没讲的解说,还高调宣布将来会择善固执,坚持继续这种娱乐支持者的方式。这和近年来塔利班成员屡屡在电视上开枪示威的画面不是很神似吗?硬要以武器这种“符号”来取代“生活”在文化天地里叫嚣,说穿了,不就是拿族群和谐当娱乐筹码来消费大家而已吗?已被消费主义刺激得神经疲劳的今日社会,让这些嗜血、疯狂的画面有机可乘,实在是一种文明倒退的表现。

人之所以为人,主要是因为我们具有其他生物所没有的智力和人性。浙江大学的徐岱教授在其著作《艺术新概念》中指出:“一个具有高智能而没心没肺的类似工具的人是人类末日的昭示”。我想,没事拿刀拿枪去吓唬人,也算是相当没心没肺的行为了吧?幸好有些无聊行为实在没什么智商含量可言,否则还真有点担心人类文明是否要准备在历史舞台上让贤了。

个人的智力十分有限,有时候我们不得不找位巨人,站在他的肩膀上以期看得更远、更清楚。近来被社会乱相驱使去看福柯的《疯癫与文明》,或许这位后现代大师能为我们有所启发,我倒不是纯粹对经神病史感兴趣。

正如《哲学的慰藉》中所言,或许我们并无力改变某些事态,但还是有自由决定对待事情的态度。在这个疯狂的世界里,如果可以报定一种“凡事拨开烟雾,看清事实真相,坚持不被牵着鼻子走”的心态,其实那也就不错了。

02/09/2007 《南洋商报》《时潮》版